DHA Prospectus Form
Students | Complete your doctoral prospectus within this form. Write your responses in the white spaces using a scholarly tone and include in-text citations and APA reference entries where appropriate. You can click on underlined terms and headings for descriptions, resource links, and examples located in the Appendix. For additional prospectus information and resources, refer to the Doctoral Research Coach. Complete the Research Design Alignment Table within this form using the information from earlier sections and self-assess your research design alignment. Submit this completed form into MyDR for formal evaluation and feedback when your committee chair indicates that you are ready to do so.
Student’s Name | Sherri Williams Student ID | A01031204
Program and Specialization* | DDHA 8246 Submission Date | 12/20/2021
*Remember that your study focus must be within the realm of your program and specialization area.
Evaluators Only | Complete this section and provide feedback on responses and rubric scores in the form where noted.
Committee Chairperson Name: Click or tap here to enter text. Overall Assessment: Choose score.
Second Committee Member Name: Click or tap here to enter text. Overall Assessment: Choose score.
PhD Program Director: Click or tap here to enter text. Overall Assessment: Choose score.
| Title
In 12 words or less, what is the working title for this study? Include the topic, variables and relationship between them, and the most critical key words. |
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| Obstacles to fair access to high-quality health care for rural populations | |||||||||||||||||
| Supporting Literature
The first step in developing your prospectus is to search the literature related to the general area related to healthcare administration you want to investigate (see social problem below). In your review of recent, empirical literature, what keywords did you search and in what databases? |
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| The keywords and databases searched included Replace this text with your response. | |||||||||||||||||
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| Provide at maximum of 10 brief summaries of recent, scholarly (peer-reviewed) articles and empirical literature. The summaries should include: a) 3 – 5 brief summaries within the last 5 years that justify a current and relevant problem in your discipline or professional field; b) article(s) that support your theoretical/conceptual framework; c) article that supports your Nature of the Study section; d) additional articles that support that your problem is current and relevant to your discipline or professional field for a total of 10 brief summaries.
Include the complete, APA reference entry and (a) an in-text citation; (b) what was studied; (c) what was found; and (d) why this research is important in relation to your study. This evidence provides the justification for your research problem. |
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| HSO Justification Literature
Three annotated literature summaries Zahnd, W. E., Murphy, C., Knoll, M., Benavidez, G. A., Day, K. R., Ranganathan, R., … & Eberth, J. M. (2021). The intersection of rural residence and minority race/ethnicity in cancer disparities in the United States. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(4), 1384. Zahnd et al. (2021) investigated how racial and ethnic segregation of rural people affect access to healthcare. According to the research, the Black and American Indian or Alaska people in the rural areas are impoverished and have inadequate access to services, making them more likely to get cancer and have inferior cancer treatment and survival results. Segregation impacted access to conventional sources of health care the greatest. More study is needed to understand better inequities for all rural racial/ethnic minority communities. Ford, J. A., Jones, A. P., Wong, G., Clark, A., Porter, T., & Steel, N. (2017). P31 access to primary care for socio-economically disadvantaged older people in rural areas. Ford et al. (2017) examined the difficulties socio-economically disadvantaged older people have while seeking primary care in rural areas. They noted that most rural populations are socio-economically disadvantaged and lack access to quality health care. They observed that the experience of rural, low-income older people seeking primary care might get characterized in terms of a social contract. The patient commits not to bother the doctor in exchange for more kindness if they become ill. When clients went to primary care, the perceived social contract got frequently broken due to congested phone lines, appointment availability, and contacts with receptionists. While adjusting save money in primary care, commissioners and practitioners must Keep in mind the social contract and care models that many older persons use to connect with the service. Douthit, N., Kiv, S., Dwolatzky, T., & Biswas, S. (2015). Exposing some important barriers to health care access in the rural USA. Public health, 129(6), 611-620. According to Douthit et al. (2015), The availability of healthcare in The U. S’s rural areas got explored. They discovered that healthcare access issues had a significant impact on healthcare outcomes. According to the study’s findings, access to care varies substantially across rural and urban locations. Due to cultural and societal restraints, many individuals in rural regions are hesitant to seek medical treatment. There is a lack of services in remote areas and insufficient public transit, a scarcity of trained physicians, and a local internet connection. Rural inhabitants have poorer health due to their inability to attract and retain physicians and maintain the same quality of service delivery as urban areas.
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| HSO Problem Supporting Sources
Several barriers prohibit rural residents from having equal access to high-quality healthcare, resulting in poor treatment of rural communities that are socio-economically disadvantaged.
Del Rio, M., Hargrove, W. L., Tomaka, J., & Korc, M. (2017). Transportation Matters: A Health Impact Assessment in Rural New Mexico. International journal of environmental research and public health, 14(6), 629. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14060629
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| Framework Literature
Health Costs The rural community is affected by several factors and is not the same for urban. The framework of rural community consists of place, location, culture, individuals, education, health, socioeconomic status, accessible health services. They are interconnected and affect each other. Donato, Emily, (2015), An evolving rural health conceptual framework www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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| Nature of Study Literature Methods and Analysis
Older adults have more barriers to getting healthcare. This study will allow elder adults in rural to vocalize on their experiences. Research can provide information in a discussion forum where they can express their views about the current healthcare system.
Goins RT, Williams KA, Carter MW, Spencer M, Solovieva T. Perceived barriers to health care access among rural older adults: a qualitative study. J Rural Health. 2005 Summer;21(3):206-13. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-0361. 2005.tb00084.x. PMID: 16092293.
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| Nature of Study Literature Dataset
Dependent riders provide a great percentage of medical, or trips will provide more benefit per trip. Providing a trip to someone who would not be able to travel is high.
Mattson, Jeremy, (July 2014), Cost Benefit Analysis of Rural and small Urban Transit www.nctr.ust.edu
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| Rubric Standard | Justified > Is evidence presented that this problem is significant to the discipline and/or professional field? | |||||||||||||||||
| Problem
What was the social problem and the healthcare administration problem that prompted you to search the literature to find out more? Write in complete sentences using a scholarly tone. |
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| Living in a rural area I see firsthand the cost of healthcare and the challenges and barriers that come with living in a rural popilation. | |||||||||||||||||
| Based on all of the above justification and supporting information (literature, social problem, healthcare administration problem), in one sentence, what is your operational/ research problem ? | |||||||||||||||||
| The purpose of the study is to look at the different challenges that block equitable access to high-quality healthcare in rural areas and possible solutions.
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| Now that you have read and summarized some of the recent literature, what meaningful gap in the literature that aligns with your HSO research problem your study will address? (What is still not known?) | |||||||||||||||||
| Rural areas vs urban communities have a higher risk for poor health outcomes | |||||||||||||||||
| Rubric Standard | Meaningful > Has a meaningful problem and gap in the research literature been identified?
Rubric Standard | Original > Does this doctoral study have potential to make an original contribution? |
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| Purpose
To address your stated research problem, what is the purpose of your study? Will you compare, explore, examine, etc.? Complete the purpose sentence below and be sure to clarify your dependent and independent variables of interest. |
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| The purpose of this quantitative study is to study the obstacles facing fair access to high-quality healthcare for rural populations. Rural regions have suffered a population loss, even though roughly one in five Americans reside there (Okkels, et al., 2018). As a result of economic and social issues, many rural areas have been left with insufficient infrastructure, an aging population, and an overextended healthcare system. Reduced access to preventive care and there have been barriers in rural population and population that are insured. Barriers of preventive care in rural populations are not understood. This purpose will show barriers and access to preventive care among adults and children.
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| Framework (Conceptual or Theoretical)
What theory(ies) and/or concept(s) support (frame) your study and who are the original authors? Provide an in-text citation with your response, and the complete APA reference entry with summary in the Supporting Literature section.
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| The theories and/or concepts that ground this study include the ecological health theory and the health care seeking behavior framework (HSB). The ecological theory examines the interaction between individuals, the social and physical environment and how it affects their healthcare statuses. The ecological theory of healthcare recognizes individual factors and behaviors that influence their health such as education levels, beliefs and personal perceptions. The theory also encompasses interpersonal factors such as interactions with other people and how it affects the health wellness of individuals (Ryvicker, 2017) . Other considerations included in the ecological theory in healthcare include community factors, government policies and organizational factors. The ecological model theory helps in identifying the different factors with an environment that enhance or hinder accessibility to health services. It is critical in identifying the healthcare disparities existing within different communities. The healthcare system in the United States is complex and citizens are required to have prerequisite skills that can bolster their access to healthcare (Ryvicker, 2017). Consequently, their immediate environment exerts influence on how they access health.
Ecological Theory/Model
Interpersonal factors Individual factors
Community factors Organizational factors
Health accessibility/inaccessibility
The healthcare seeking behavior(s) (HSB) refers to action or inaction taken by individuals when they feel or suspect having a health problem. The motivation to seek or not seek healthcare services is influenced by various factors including family background, cultural and religious practices and influence from peers (Eley et al., 2019). Since these factors vary from one community to another or one region to another, they can reduce or increase barriers to health services and create health equality or inequality (Eley et al., 2019).
Health Seeking Behavior(s) (HSB)
Cultural factors Family
Social factors
Healthy Inequality/Equality
References Eley, N. T., Namey, E., McKenna, K., Johnson, A. C., & Guest, G. (2019). Beyond the individual: Social and cultural influences on the health-seeking behaviors of African American men. American Journal of Men’s Health, 13(1), 155798831982995. https://doi.org/10.1177/1557988319829953 Ryvicker, M. (2017). A conceptual framework for examining healthcare access and Navigation: A behavioral-ecological perspective. Social Theory & Health, 16(3), 224–240. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41285-017-0053-2
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| How do these theories and/or concepts relate to your research problem, purpose, and the nature of your study? | |||||||||||||||||
| The purpose of the study is to identify obstacles to fair access to high-quality healthcare among rural populations. The ecological theoretical framework is crucial in identifying individual, community, institutional and interpersonal factors that influence fair access to high-quality healthcare. For example, high literacy levels in rural areas can influence health accessibility since education is a social determinant of health. Likewise, some cultural beliefs such as preference for traditional medicine can impact healthcare accessibility in rural areas. Institutional factors such poor infrastructure in rural areas also influences health outcomes. Therefore, ecological theory is fundamental in examining all the factors that negatively influence healthcare among rural populations. The HSB conceptual framework is connected to the purpose of the study because it will explore the disparities in behavior that motivate or demotivate individuals to seek health services in rural areas. | |||||||||||||||||
| Rubric Standard | Grounded > Is the problem framed to enable the researcher to either build upon or counter the previously published findings on the topic? | |||||||||||||||||
| Research Question(s) and Hypotheses
List the question(s) that you plan to use to address the research problem. Your questions must align with your study purpose and include the dependent and independent variables and how they will be examined.
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| Replace this text with your research question(s) and hypotheses (if applicable). | |||||||||||||||||
| Nature of the Study
What systematic approach (methodology and research design) do you plan to use to address your research question(s)?
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To address the research questions in this Choose approach/method study, the specific research design will include Replace this text with your response.
Reference entry for the work on which this research design is based: Replace this text with your response.
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| What is the possible secondary data source(s)? | |||||||||||||||||
| For my planned research design, I will need Replace this text with your response. | |||||||||||||||||
| What specific data points from these sources do you plan to use to answer your research question(s)? | |||||||||||||||||
| Replace this text with your response. | |||||||||||||||||
| What limitations, challenges, and/or barriers might you need to address while conducting this study (e.g., access to participants, access to data, requirements for storing data, separation of roles or other ethical considerations, instrumentation fees, etc.)? | |||||||||||||||||
| Replace this text with your response. | |||||||||||||||||
| Rubric Standard | Feasible > Can a systematic method of inquiry be used to address the problem; and does the approach have the potential to address the problem while considering potential risks and burdens placed on research participants? | |||||||||||||||||
| Significance
How will your study address the meaningful, discipline-specific issue that you identified and therefore contribute to your field, discipline, professional practice, etc. contributing to positive social change? |
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| This study is significant in that Replace this text with your response. | |||||||||||||||||
| Rubric Standard | Impact > Does this doctoral study have potential to affect positive social change?
Rubric Standard | Objective > Is the topic approached in an objective manner? |
| Partner Site Masking Self-Check
Walden capstones typically mask the identity of the partner organization. The methodological and ethical reasons for this practice as well as criteria for exceptions are outlined here (link to posted guidance). |
| ☐ Check here to confirm that you will mask the identity of the organization in the final capstone that you publish in ProQuest.
☐ If you perceive that your partner organization’s identity would be impossible to mask or if there is a strong rationale for naming the organization in your capstone, please check this box so that your Program Director can review your request for an exception. If granted, that exception must be confirmed by the IRB during the ethics review process. The IRB will also ensure that your consent form(s) and/or site agreement(s) permit naming the organization. |
Research Design Alignment Table | Using an alignment table can assist with ensuring the alignment of your research design.
Research Design Alignment Table Video Tutorial (YouTube) | Doctoral Research Design Alignment Appointments or Office Hours
Note . At prospectus stage, not all items in the table below can be identified (e.g., data points, data analysis). Please complete the items that you have identified in this prospectus form. During proposal development, you will revisit this form to adjust, as needed, and finalize your research design.
| Research Problem, Purpose, and Framework
Provide one sentence for each. These must align with all rows. |
Research Question(s), Method, & Design
List one or more RQs, as needed; select method; identify design. Use a separate form for additional RQs. |
Data Collection Tools & Data Sources
List the instrument(s) and people, artifacts, or records that will provide the data for each RQ. |
Data Points
List the variables, specific interview questions, scales, etc. that will be used for each RQ. |
Data Analysis
Briefly describe the statistical or qualitative analysis that will address each RQ. |
| Problem: Replace text with response.
Purpose: Replace text with response. Framework: Replace text with response. |
RQ1: Replace text with response.
Method: Quantitative Design: Replace text with response. |
Replace text with response. | Replace text with response. | Replace text with response. |
| RQ2: Replace text with response.
Method: Quantitative Design: Replace text with response.
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Replace text with response. | Replace text with response. | Replace text with response. | |
| RQ3: Replace text with response.
Method: Quantitative Design: Replace text with response.
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Replace text with response. | Replace text with response. | Replace text with response. |
Note. The information in the first column must align with all rows, and each individual RQ row must show alignment across the columns for that row.
Once your Research Design Alignment Table is completed, reflect on your design alignment. Ask yourself:
1. Is there a logical progression from the research problem to the purpose of the study?
2. Does the identified framework ground the investigation into the stated problem?
3. Do the problem, purpose, and framework in the left-hand column align with the RQ(s) (all rows)?
4. Does each RQ address the problem and align with the purpose of the study?
5. Does the information across each individual row match/align with the RQ listed for that row?
5. By row, will the variables listed address the RQ?
5. By row, will the analysis address the RQ?
5. By row, can the analysis be completed with the data points that will be collected?
| Rubric Standard | Aligned > Do the various aspects of the prospectus align overall? |
Appendix
The Doctoral Prospectus
The Doctoral Prospectus is a brief document that provides preliminary information about your doctoral research and is used in two ways:
1. It serves as the tentative plan for developing the proposal and is evaluated to ensure doctoral-level work (e.g., feasibility, alignment, etc.).
1. It provides information used to assign the committee University Research Reviewer.
Prospectus approval from the committee chair, second committee member, and a program-level designee is required for you to move forward and work on your proposal. The plan is subject to change, and parts of your research design may need to be adjusted after you complete your exhaustive review of the literature during proposal development.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
Title
Example
The Relationship Between Nurse Leader Self Efficacy, Burnout, and Intent to Leave
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
Supporting Literature
Probably the most important step in the research process is searching recent, peer-reviewed literature and reading articles related to the general area you want to investigate. The area is based on an identified social problem. As you read and learn, you will narrow your focus. This is how you will identify a discipline-specific research problem.
[Note: Scholarly, empirical articles and how to find them.]
First, you’ll need to determine your search terms or keywords and the databases you should search. As you conduct your search of the literature, stay organized by keeping a search log.
Example for this Form
The keywords and databases searched included hospital nurse leader retention , nurse leader intent to leave employment, nursing burnout, nursing stress and nursing turnover in the databases MedLine, PubMed, and NIH.
| Search Log Example | |||
| Database | Search Terms | Results | Not
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