Which term did Émile Durkheim coin to refer to normlessness within society?

		Conflict
		Strain
		Rebellion
		Anomie

Which of the following is true of the criminal justice system in the contemporary United States?

		There is little evidence of blatant racism, but there does appear to be institutionalized racism.
		There is clear evidence that racial discrimination is worst in cases involving serious crime.
		There is clear evidence that blatant racism continues to be rampant in the system.
		There is clear evidence that racism no longer exists in the system.

A criminologist notices that crime rates tend to be higher in warmer climates. This observation is most closely linked to which concept?

		Demonism
		Neoclassical theory
		Ecological theory
		Just deserts

Of all demographic variables, which is the best predictor of criminality?

		Socioeconomic status
		Gender
		Race
		Age

Which of the following theoretical perspectives is based on the premise that human behavior is primarily hedonistic in nature?

		Classicalism/Neoclassicalism
		Demonism
		Ecological determinism
		Marxism

What is the term for the extent to which a victim is responsible for his or her own victimization?

		Victim precipitation
		Victim responsibility
		Victim provocation
		Victim facilitation

What is the name of the field that attempts to define, explain, and predict criminal behavior?

		Theology
		Applied criminology
		Criminalistics
		Criminology

True or False? Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham are associated with the classical school of criminology.

		True
		False

What region of the United States has the lowest overall crime rate?

		Midwest
		West
		Northeast
		South

What are mores?

		Always codified into law
		The comprehensive set of morals in a given society
		Norms that are preferred, but carry no serious consequences if broken
		Strong norms that carry sanctions/punishment if broken

What is the primary annual source of official crime statistics in the United States published by the FBI?

		self-report survey
		NIBRS report
		NCVS
		UCR

After observing other children fighting on the playground, a young boy begins to pick a fight with one of his classmates. This scenario is most closely an example of:

		Criminal personality
		Operant conditioning
		Social Learning Theory
		Feeblemindedness

Which of the following is an index offense on the Uniform Crime Report?

		Arson
		Embezzlement
		Public drunkenness
		Traffic violations

His writings did not specifically address crime; however, his ideas impacted Willem Bonger who viewed the criminal law as primarily protecting the interests of the propertied class. Who is this?

		Bentham
		Guerry
		Becarria
		Marx

As unemployment rises, what do crime rates tend to do?

		Increase
		Decrease significantly
		Decrease slightly
		Remain stable

What is the term for behavior that is outside the range of normal societal toleration?

		Mala in se
		Criminal
		Felonious
		Deviant

Where can the basic principles of the modern Western judicial and legal system be found?

		Classical school of criminology
		Neoclassical school of criminology
		Demonological school of criminology
		Economic school of criminology

Which of the following is true of laws?

		Laws can be enforced by either political or moral authorities.
		Laws are the most efficient means of social control.
		Laws define which behaviors classify as “deviant” in a given society.
		Laws become more common when informal methods of social control are weakened.

The “crime index” reflects which of the following?

		Part I offenses on the UCR
		The nation’s murder rate
		The rate of violent victimizations reported on the NCVS
		Part II offenses on the UCR

With which school of criminological thought is Willem Bonger associated?

		Classical
		Neoclassical
		Human ecological
		Economic

Which of the following agencies is responsible for the publication of the UCR?

		Central Intelligence Agency
		Federal Bureau of Investigation
		Secret Service
		U.S. Marshalls

Which of the following would an adherent of the neoclassical school propose?

		Mandatory sentencing policies
		Social reform
		Family counseling
		Substance abuse treatment

Generally speaking, anomie theories focus on crime as the result of which situation?

		Social disorganization
		Lack of legitimate opportunities
		Weak social controls
		Natural processes of maturation

Which of the following sources of data includes detailed information on criminal incidents, including location, time, and presence of weapon?

		NIBRS
		DSM-V
		NCVS
		UCR

True or False? Karl Marx wrote extensively on the topic of crime causation.

		True
		False