Answer each question separately one question per page

• Describe  the recent finds on the “Nature-Nurture Controversy.” How do  evolutionary theory (evolutionary biology and evolutionary psychology)  and the study of genetics fit in to this discussion? What are the  implications for the biopsychologist? And finally, is there a  controversy at all? 

• Describe  the process of action potential conduction and neurotransmission from  one neuron to another, both electrically (including saltatory  conduction) and chemically. Describe how a cell fires an action  potential and be sure to address which structures are involved in  neurotransmission. Discuss reuptake and enzymatic degradation  (breakdown) in the context of the appropriate neurotransmitters. 

• Discuss  some of the methodological approaches that can be used to examine the  influence of multiple genes on behavior. Then discuss what transgenic  animals are and how they are produced.

• What  is the medial forebrain bundle? Discuss the evidence for and against  its involvement in reward.In addition, review the evidence showing that  the brain’s dopamine pathways are critically involved in pleasure and  reward

•  Describe  the main structures of the brain stem, the midbrain, and forebrain,  including the basal ganglia, the limbic system and the cerebral cortex.  What functions and behaviors are these regions known to control?